Monday, October 5, 2020

Human Transport: The ‘Kayayei’ Story!

 

‘Kayayei is one of the few menial jobs done by most women and girls who have migrated from the highly impoverished parts of Northern Ghana to the South in search of Greener pastures. Their work involves carrying loads of goods in the marketplaces for few Ghana cedis which is not even equivalent to the kind of work they do. This is to say that there is no wage solidarity. Many of these women have fled to the South as a result of climatic changes, abuse, gender, cultural and patriarchal norms, among others that characterize their respective communities. They move to the South for a better life. However, life becomes more difficult as they are met with harsh conditions. With no roof over their heads, many of them sleep on the streets and consequently end up being raped by men and suffer from different forms of abuse. Teenage pregnancy is very high as the majority of the people are within their teenage.  Infant mortality is also at the peak due to their poor living conditions as well as nutritional needs. Their health and labor are exploited.

Several interventions have been put in place by various governments as well as other non-profit organizations to help improve upon their livelihoods but all of them have proved futile. Humanitarian needs such as the provision of food, sleeping mats, accommodation, head pans, family planning strategies, and other necessities most often are provided by the government and through the benevolence of others, yet their conditions remain the same. For instance, last year witnessed many celebrities sharing food to ‘Kayayei’ people as part of their humanitarian interventions. One of these people is a feminist, an author, and an award-winning media personality, Oheneyere Gifty Anti. Through the help of some donor agencies and other individuals, she provided hot meals to about 1000 ‘Kayayei’ people on the streets of Accra. This act was widely publicized on the various media outlets as a way of appreciating the efforts of the philanthropist. It is important to establish that, even though this act of kindness to a certain extent satisfies a need, it does not challenge the socioeconomic class backgrounds that these women found themselves in. It could also be described as an act of tokenism and false generosity. The kind of intervention given does not take them away from the conditions they face rather it reinforces their position and situates them in the space of perpetual dependence. The act only pushes the celebrity to the limelight. Just as stated in the readings for this week, such intervention commodifies the celebrity and leads to what is considered celebrity self-branding (Trauger & Fluri, 2019). It also exemplifies what is termed as “star/poverty space. Every year we see the number of ‘Kayayei’ increase, as well as but not much is done to stop the trend. This is because the interventions fail to acknowledge the various interlocking social markers such as climatic conditions, patriarchal norms, gender, and class, among others that have pushed these women and girls into their current situations. They failed to look at the socio-cultural as well as the historical backgrounds of these women and importantly, do not include their voices in the intervention projects. Worthy to note, ignoring such an intersectional approach obscures the different oppressions these women face, reinforces inequality, and prevents us from accessing a better approach to improving their lives (Trauger & Fluri, 2019).

The videos attached tells the story of the various forms of struggles that a ‘Kayayei’ goes through in her daily struggle.

 

The 'Kaya' Struggle



Reference:

Trauger, A., & Fluri, J. L. (2019). Engendering development: capitalism and inequality in the global economy. Routledge.

 

4 comments:

  1. Great post-Ama, thank you for introducing Kayayei. I like and admire these female's determination to migrate and work in other areas so they can earn money and educate themselves or help their families. However, as you discussed, there are many harmful aspects of this work, such as teenage pregnancy, rape, lack of food, etc. The aids and intervention from the UN did not improve anything, as I noticed from the videos. Providing mattresses or a hot meal is a temporary solution only, and it does not end the issue. I agree with you that the intervention fails because of ignoring some other factors, but also I guess the way of providing help was wrong. As usual, NGOs and other institutions ignored the needs of the locals and did not ask them about their needs. The second video provided a magnificent example of the solution, in my opinion. If the NGOs or celebrities provided aid to build schools and pay for teachers or give grants to the people who want to be educated; it will be much better than giving them food.

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  2. I enjoyed reading your blogpost as it resonates with most of the topics we have addressed in the past weeks. The issue and plight of Kayaye is a devastating one as it goes to mirror the difficulties migrants experience in many settings. They leave their rural areas (where there are no job opportunities and where they are marginalized and poor) to the urban centers searching for unavailable jobs and end up falling prey to all manner of harsh living conditions. All development projects, businesses, health centers, schools, and so on are concentrated in the urban areas leaving the rural areas with nothing but poverty. In the bid of survival, these Kayaye travel to the cities only to realize that "the grass is not greener on the other side." The most annoying part is when people think that just by providing a one-time meal to these people, they (donors) must be hailed for saving the world. I strongly believe that it is because humanitarian agencies provide items such as clothes, mattresses, food, and other such things to them that the number of kayaye keeps increasing in the marketplaces and on our streets. The provision of these items sends a wrong signal to the kayaye and other people who think life is better on the streets. These acts of false generosity perpetuate the plights and marginalization of kayaye who remain on the street and depend on donor agencies and individuals' benevolence for their survival.

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  3. Thank you Ama for illuminating the struggles of these women in Ghana. I find it absurd that the aids and intervention from the USAID did not think of doing something about where these women sleep. I see some signs of misplaced priorities in their intervention because these videos clearly express the poor living condition of these women. The Kayayei Story brings to light some of the issues raised in chapter 7 of Trauger et al’s book. For instance, the aspect of migratory labor exposing female workers to physical and sexual abuse was raised in this video. We also see that the women and young girls sustain pains from the heavy loads they carry every day. The most important aspect any NGO or humanitarian agency needs to pay attention to in this women's case should be their health. This is because they live in a poor condition and they are low-income earners. Most of them are not educated and barely know what hospitals are because they migrated from rural areas. Hence, if truly these aid agencies want to intervene, they should pay more attention to their health and take them off the streets. Another way to help these women is to engage them in vocational training as the second video suggests. I am sure if these hardworking women have better options, they will quit the Kayayei job.

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  4. Interesting post Ama! Its soo disheartening to see how these young females suffering in the wake of making a living. Using the case study of Covid alone is enough to show how these kayayei are suffering. Early this year when the Cases kept increasing in Ghana, most of such people tended to go back home but transportation was a problem. I remember watching a trending video where these head porters on their way back home were sent back to Accra because of illegal transportation. Long story short, each of these women received about 90 dollars from the vice president which I was a bit disappointed.

    I kept asking myself what policy reforms are there to help empower such women who are not educated but have to make a living? As faith suggested, to help these women, vocational training will aid in helping them to have a sustainable livelihood. Also, as Coastal Development Authority (CODA) have rolled out a policy to aid in improving the lives of these head porters, I am hoping this policy will be uphold to help these young women to have a viable sustainable life.

    - AISHAT TIJANI

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